NAME
fd - floppy disk device
CONFIGURATION
Floppy drives are block devices with major number 2. Typi-
cally they are owned by root.floppy (i.e., user root, group
floppy) and have either mode 0660 (access checking via group
membership) or mode 0666 (everybody has access). The minor
numbers encode the device type, drive number, and controller
number. For each device type (that is, combination of den-
sity and track count) there is a base minor number. To this
base number, add the drive's number on its controller and
128 if the drive is on the secondary controller. In the fol-
lowing device tables, n represents the drive number
Warning: If you use formats with more tracks than supported
by your drive, you may cause it mechanical damage. Trying
once if more tracks than the usual 40/80 are supported
should not damage it, but no warranty is given for that.
Don't create device entries for those formats to prevent
their usage if you are not sure.
Drive independent device files which automatically detect
the media format and capacity:
l l. Name Base minor # _ fdn 0
5.25 inch double density device files:
lw(1i) l l l l l.
Name Capac. Cyl. Sect. Heads Base minor # _
fdnd360 360K 40 9 2 4
5.25 inch high density device files:
lw(1i) l l l l l.
Name Capac. Cyl. Sect. Heads Base minor # _
fdnh360 360K 40 9 2 20
fdnh410 410K 41 10 2 48
fdnh420 420K 42 10 2 64
fdnh720 720K 80 9 2 24
fdnh880 880K 80 11 2 80
fdnh1200 1200K 80 15 2 8
fdnh1440 1440K 80 18 2 40
fdnh1476 1476K 82 18 2 56
fdnh1494 1494K 83 18 2 72
fdnh1600 1600K 80 20 2 92
3.5 inch double density device files:
lw(1i) l l l l l.
Name Capac. Cyl. Sect. Heads Base minor # _
fdnD360 360K 80 9 1 12
fdnD720 720K 80 9 2 16
fdnD800 800K 80 10 2 120
fdnD1040 1040K 80 13 2 84
fdnD1120 1120K 80 14 2 88
3.5 inch high density device files:
lw(1i) l l l l l.
Name Capac. Cyl. Sect. Heads Base minor # _
fdnH360 360K 40 9 2 12
fdnH720 720K 80 9 2 16
fdnH820 820K 82 10 2 52
fdnH830 830K 83 10 2 68
fdnH1440 1440K 80 18 2 28
fdnH1600 1600K 80 20 2 124
fdnH1680 1680K 80 21 2 44
fdnH1722 1722K 82 21 2 60
fdnH1743 1743K 83 21 2 76
fdnH1760 1760K 80 22 2 96
fdnH1840 1840K 80 23 2 116
fdnH1920 1920K 80 24 2 100
3.5 inch extra density device files:
lw(1i) l l l l l.
Name Capac. Cyl. Sect. Heads Base minor # _
fdnE2880 2880K 80 36 2 32
fdnCompaQ 2880K 80 36 2 36
fdnE3200 3200K 80 40 2 104
fdnE3520 3520K 80 44 2 108
fdnE3840 3840K 80 48 2 112
DESCRIPTION
fd special files access the floppy disk drives in raw mode.
The following ioctl(2) calls are supported by fd devices:
FDCLRPRM
clears the media information of a drive (geometry of
disk in drive).
FDSETPRM
sets the media information of a drive. The media infor-
mation will be lost when the media is changed.
FDDEFPRM
sets the media information of a drive (geometry of disk
in drive). The media information will not be lost when
the media is changed. This will disable autodetection.
In order to re-enable autodetection, you have to issue
an FDCLRPRM .
FDGETDRVTYP
returns the type of a drive (name parameter). For for-
mats which work in several drive types, FDGETDRVTYP
returns a name which is appropriate for the oldest
drive type which supports this format.
FDFLUSH
invalidates the buffer cache for the given drive.
FDSETMAXERRS
sets the error thresholds for reporting errors, abort-
ing the operation, recalibrating, resetting, and read-
ing sector by sector.
FDSETMAXERRS
gets the current error thresholds.
FDGETDRVTYP
gets the internal name of the drive.
FDWERRORCLR
clears the write error statistics.
FDWERRORGET
reads the write error statistics. These include the
total number of write errors, the location and disk of
the first write error, and the location and disk of the
last write error. Disks are identified by a generation
number which is incremented at (almost) each disk
change.
FDTWADDLE
Switch the drive motor off for a few microseconds. This
might be needed in order to access a disk whose sectors
are too close together.
FDSETDRVPRM
sets various drive parameters.
FDGETDRVPRM
reads these parameters back.
FDGETDRVSTAT
gets the cached drive state (disk changed, write pro-
tected et al.)
FDPOLLDRVSTAT
polls the drive and return its state.
FDGETFDCSTAT
gets the floppy controller state.
FDRESET
resets the floppy controller under certain conditions.
FDRAWCMD
sends a raw command to the floppy controller.
For more precise information, consult also the <linux/fd.h>
and <linux/fdreg.h> include files, as well as the manual
page for floppycontrol.
NOTES
The various formats allow to read and write many types of
disks. However, if a floppy is formatted with a too small
inter sector gap, performance may drop, up to needing a few
seconds to access an entire track. To prevent this, use
interleaved formats. It is not possible to read floppies
which are formatted using GCR (group code recording), which
is used by Apple II and Macintosh computers (800k disks).
Reading floppies which are hard sectored (one hole per sec-
tor, with the index hole being a little skewed) is not sup-
ported. This used to be common with older 8 inch floppies.
FILES
/dev/fd*
AUTHORS
Alain Knaff (Alain.Knaff@imag.fr), David Niemi
(niemidc@clark.net), Bill Broadhurst (bbroad@netcom.com).
SEE ALSO
floppycontrol(1), mknod(1), chown(1), getfdprm(1), superfor-
mat(1), mount(8), setfdprm(8)