NAME

     res_init,    res_query,     res_search,     res_querydomain,
     res_mkquery,  res_send,  dn_comp,  dn_expand - resolver rou-
     tines


SYNOPSIS

     #include <netinet/in.h>
     #include <arpa/nameser.h>
     #include <resolv.h>
     extern struct state _res;

     int res_init(void);

     int res_query(const char *dname, int class, int type
          unsigned char *answer, int anslen));

     int res_search(const char *dname, int class, int type
          unsigned char *answer, int anslen));

     int res_querydomain(const char *name, const char *domain,
          int class, int type, unsigned char *answer
          int anslen));

     int res_mkquery(int op, const char *dname, int class
          int type, char *data, int datalen
          char *buf, int buflen));

     int res_send(const char *msg, int msglen, char *answer
          int anslen));

     int dn_comp(unsigned char *exp_dn, unsigned char *comp_dn,
          int length, unsigned char **dnptrs, unsigned char *exp_dn
          unsigned char **lastdnptr));

     int dn_expand(unsigned char *msg, unsigned char *eomorig,
          unsigned char *comp_dn, unsigned char *exp_dn,
          int length));


DESCRIPTION

     These functions make queries to and interpret the  responses
     from Internet domain name servers.

     The res_init() function reads the configuration  files  (see
     resolv+(8)) to get the default domain name, search order and
     name server address(es).  If no server is given,  the  local
     host  is tried.  If no domain is given, that associated with
     the local host is used.   It  can  be  overridden  with  the
     environment  variable  LOCALDOMAIN.   res_init() is normally
     executed by the first call to one of the other functions.

     The res_query() function queries the  name  server  for  the
     fully-qualified  domain  name  name  of  specified  type and
     class.  The reply is left in the  buffer  answer  of  length
     anslen supplied by the caller.

     The res_search() function makes a query and  waits  for  the
     response  like  res_query(),  but in addition implements the
     default and search  rules  controlled  by  RES_DEFNAMES  and
     RES_DNSRCH (see description of _res options below).

     The  res_querydomain()  function   makes   a   query   using
     res_query() on the concatenation of name and domain.

     The following functions are  lower-level  routines  used  by
     res_query().

     The res_mkquery() function constructs a query message in buf
     of  length buflen for the domain name dname.  The query type
     op is usually QUERY, but can be any of the types defined  in
     <arpa/nameser.h>.  newrr is currently unused.

     The res_send() function sends a pre-formatted query given in
     msg  of length msglen and returns the answer in answer which
     is of length anslen.  It will call res_init(), if it has not
     already been called.

     The dn_comp() function compresses the domain name exp_dn and
     stores  it  in  the  buffer  comp_dn  of length length.  The
     compression uses an array of pointers dnptrs  to  previously
     compressed  names in the current message.  The first pointer
     points to the beginning of the message  and  the  list  ends
     with   NULL.   The  limit  of  the  array  is  specified  by
     lastdnptr.   if  dnptr  is  NULL,  domain  names   are   not
     compressed.  If lastdnptr is NULL, the list of labels is not
     updated.

     The dn_expand() function expands the compressed domain  name
     comp_dn to a full domain name, which is placed in the buffer
     exp_dn of size length.  The compressed name is contained  in
     a query or reply message, and msg points to the beginning of
     the message.

     The resolver routines use  global  configuration  and  state
     information  contained  in  the  structure  _res,  which  is
     defined in <resolv.h>.  The  only  field  that  is  normally
     manipulated  by  the  user  is _res.options.  This field can
     contain the bitwise ``or'' of the following options:


     RES_INIT
          True if res_init() has been called.

     RES_DEBUG
          Print debugging messages.

     RES_AAONLY
          Accept authoritative answers only.  res_send()  contin-
          ues until it fins an authoritative answer or returns an
          error.  [Not currently implemented].

     RES_USEVC
          Use  TCP  connections  for  queries  rather  than   UDP
          datagrams.

     RES_PRIMARY
          Query primary domain name server only.

     RES_IGNTC
          Ignore truncation errors.  Don't retry with TCP.   [Not
          currently implemented].

     RES_RECURSE
          Set the recursion desired bit in queries.  Recursion is
          carried   out   by  the  domain  name  server,  not  by
          res_send().  [Enabled by default].

     RES_DEFNAMES
          If set, res_search() will  append  the  default  domain
          name  to  single component names, ie. those that do not
          contain a dot.  [Enabled by default].

     RES_STAYOPEN
          Used with RES_USEVC to keep  the  TCP  connection  open
          between queries.

     RES_DNSRCH
          If set, res_search() will search for host names in  the
          current  domain  and in parent domains.  This option is
          used by gethostbyname(3).  [Enabled by default].


RETURN VALUE

     The res_init() function returns 0 on success, or  -1  if  an
     error occurs.

     The    res_query(),     res_search(),     res_querydomain(),
     res_mkquery()  and res_send() functions return the length of
     the response, or -1 if an error occurs.

     The dn_comp() and dn_expand() functions return the length of
     the compressed name, or -1 if an error occurs.


FILES

     /etc/resolv.conf          resolver configuration file
     /etc/host.conf            resolver configuration file


CONFORMING TO

     BSD 4.3


SEE ALSO

     gethostbyname(3), hostname(7), named(8),